Venezuela is due to begin installing about 20,000 fingerprint scanners at supermarkets across the country.
President Nicolas Maduro said the rationing system would reduce food hoarding and panic buying.
Over the last year there have been long queues at supermarkets because of widespread shortages of basic goods.
The shortages were due to manipulation of the food supply and prices.
Last month the owners of several chains of supermarkets and drugstores were arrested for allegedly artificially creating long queues by not opening enough tills.
The president also accused Colombian food smugglers of buying up price-controlled goods in state-run supermarkets along the border.
Last week South American foreign ministers said the region would help Venezuela address the shortages.
The lack of staple foods and medicines has contributed to discontent and to frequent large, often violent anti-government demonstrations.
The economic crisis has been made worse by falling oil prices.
Venezuela's plummeting currency rates and the falling price of oil by nearly half since November has diminished its supply of dollars to buy imported food.
Source: BBC
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